The Importance of Technology in Education
The Importance of Technology in Education
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) can impact student learning when teachers are digitally literate and understand how to integrate it into the curriculum. Schools use diverse ICT tools to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information. (6) In some contexts, ICT has also become integral to the teaching-learning interaction, through such approaches as replacing chalkboards with interactive digital whiteboards, using students’ own smartphones or other devices for learning during class time, and the “flipped classroom” model where students watch lectures at home on the computer and use classroom time for more interactive exercises.
When teachers are digitally literate and trained to use ICT, these approaches can lead to higher-order thinking skills, provide creative and individualized options for students to express their understandings, and leave students better prepared to deal with ongoing technological change in society and the workplace. (18)
ICT issues planners must consider include: considering the total cost-benefit equation, supplying and maintaining the requisite infrastructure, and ensuring investments are matched with teacher support and other policies aimed at effective ICT use. (16)
A group of students uses their electronics while sitting at their desks.
According to the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), many of today’s high-demand jobs were created in the last decade. As advances in technology drive globalization and digital transformation, teachers can help students acquire the necessary skills to succeed in the careers of the future.
How important is technology in education? The COVID-19 pandemic is quickly demonstrating why online education should be a vital part of teaching and learning. Teachers can harness online learning as a powerful educational tool by integrating technology into existing curricula instead of using it solely as a crisis-management tool.
The effective use of digital learning tools in classrooms can increase student engagement, help teachers improve their lesson plans, and facilitate personalized learning. It also helps students build essential 21st-century skills.
Virtual classrooms, video, augmented reality (AR), robots, and other technology tools can not only make classes more lively, but they can also create more inclusive learning environments that foster collaboration and inquisitiveness and enable teachers to collect data on student performance.
Still, it’s important to note that technology is a tool used in education and not an end in itself. The promise of educational technology lies in what educators do with it and how it is used to best support their students’ needs.
A brief history of technology in education
Firstly, let’s explore how the use of technology in education has changed over time. There’s a vast array of equipment that can be classed as technology in education. From the overhead projectors and photocopiers, which made it easier to display and distribute learning materials, to mobile devices, which allow for new methods of instruction altogether.
However, it wasn’t until the 1980s that digital technology made its mark on education. This was the decade when computers went from an experimental technology to a mass-market consumer product. That shift was reflected in schools, many of which invested in a single computer for basic learning applications. The Education Reform Act in 1988 made some form of information and communication technology (ICT) compulsory for all pupils in state schools from 5 to 16.
In the 1990s, the advent of the World Wide Web gave a glimpse into what computers were capable of. Publicly available from 1993, it facilitated the use of search engines and email on a regular basis. By the end of the 1990s, most primary and secondary (K-12) schools had a computer lab equipped with enough machines for a full class to use.
This growth continued in the new millennium. In 2000, for example, the UK National Curriculum was updated with the recommendation that Information Communications Technology (ICT) should be embedded across the board. By 2009, 97% of US classrooms had at least one computer, and 93% had internet access.
Educational Technology Challenges
BuiltIn reports that 92 percent of teachers understand the impact of technology in education. According to Project Tomorrow, 59 percent of middle school students say digital educational tools have helped them with their grades and test scores. These tools have become so popular that the educational technology market is projected to expand to $342 billion by 2025, according to the World Economic Forum.
However, educational technology has its challenges, particularly when it comes to implementation and use. For example, despite growing interest in the use of AR, artificial intelligence, and other emerging technologies, less than 10 percent of schools report having these tools in their classrooms, according to Project Tomorrow. Additional concerns include excessive screen time, the effectiveness of teachers using the technology, and worries about technology equity.
Prominently rising from the COVID-19 crisis is the issue of content. Educators need to be able to develop and weigh in on online educational content, especially to encourage students to consider a topic from different perspectives. The urgent actions taken during this crisis did not provide sufficient time for this. Access is an added concern — for example, not every school district has the resources to provide students with a laptop, and internet connectivity can be unreliable in homes.
Additionally, while some students thrive in online education settings, others lag for various factors, including support resources. For example, a student who already struggled in face-to-face environments may struggle even more in the current situation. These students may have relied on resources that they no longer have in their homes.
Still, most students typically demonstrate confidence in using online education when they have the resources, as studies have suggested. However, online education may pose challenges for teachers, especially in places where it has not been the norm.
Despite the challenges and concerns, it’s important to note the benefits of technology in education, including increased collaboration and communication, improved quality of education, and engaging lessons that help spark imagination and a search for knowledge in students.
From the turn of the millennium, digital technology has been growing in prevalence within education, and it’s not just about computers. The early 2000s saw interactive whiteboards introduced. We’ve since seen a wide range of technology make its way into education, from portable and handheld devices in the 2010s to increasingly sophisticated software for learners and educators.
How important is the use of technology in education?
Millions of students in schools around the world use technology every day. From captivating imaginations to saving teachers’ time, modern technology is now part of the furniture in education – and it’s here to stay.
Looking back at the progress of technology in education, you can see that it’s only going in one direction. Up to and including the 1980s, there was no such thing as digital technology in education. In the 1990s and 2000s, IT was a single subject on the curriculum. Fast-forward through the 2010s, and it’s integral to practically everything schools teach.
As technology becomes more important to modern life, it will naturally become more important in education too. Put simply, it can’t be ignored. Educators who try to do so may miss out on the benefits we outline below.
The Benefits of Technology in Education
Teachers want to improve student performance, and technology can help them accomplish this aim. To mitigate the challenges, administrators should help teachers gain the competencies needed to enhance learning for students through technology. Additionally, technology in the classroom should make teachers’ jobs easier without adding extra time to their day.
Technology provides students with easy-to-access information, accelerated learning, and fun opportunities to practice what they learn. It enables students to explore new subjects and deepen their understanding of difficult concepts, particularly in STEM. Through the use of technology inside and outside the classroom, students can gain 21st-century technical skills necessary for future occupations.
Still, children learn more effectively with direction. The World Economic Forum reports that while technology can help young students learn and acquire knowledge through play, for example, evidence suggests that learning is more effective through guidance from an adult, such as a teacher.
Leaders and administrators should take stock of where their faculty are in terms of their understanding of online spaces. From lessons learned during this disruptive time, they can implement solutions now for the future. For example, administrators could give teachers a week or two to think carefully about how to teach courses not previously online. In addition to an exploration of solutions, flexibility during these trying times is of paramount importance.
Below are examples of how important technology is in education and the benefits it offers to students and teachers.
How is technology used in education?
There are thousands (potentially even millions!) of technologies that educators can integrate into schools and smart classrooms. All of these tools have the potential to transform learning when correctly aligned to the pedagogy of the teacher. Here are some examples of the technology used in education:
Interactive whiteboards
Also known as a smart board, these large interactive displays have a variety of applications. They can be used as a simple touchscreen display where teachers can annotate, for example, or connect multiple devices to create interactive quizzes, polls, and tasks.
VR & AR
One of the most exciting applications of technology in education is that of virtual reality (VR). Using VR headsets, teachers can immerse pupils in a range of virtual environments, such as historical re-enactments and science explorations. Rather than being given static information, pupils become part of the content they’re learning about.
Augmented reality (AR) is a similar concept, which makes education more engaging and immersive. While VR refers to a completely virtual environment created by technology, AR puts virtual elements into the real world.
Both augmented and virtual reality in education open a whole new world of opportunities for teachers and pupils. That applies to all age groups and ability levels. From as young as 4 years, VR can be used to transport children to the settings of books to make reading more immersive and spark their imaginations even more. At a later stage, the tools are still invaluable to engage students in important topics from the curriculum, such as the Battle of Britain, and, in turn, spark more meaningful discussions. Virtual reality is also a hugely effective tool for students with special educational needs. Used as a form of assistive technology, it has been found to engage children who struggle with intrinsic motivation, for example, as well as building up confidence ahead of new experiences with personalized 360 videos.
The metaverse
Since 2021, the metaverse has gone from one of Mark Zuckerberg’s eccentric ideas to a potentially useful concept for business and education. Strictly speaking, it’s based on VR, discussed above. However, the Metaverse goes beyond this by creating a virtual environment in which all students can participate. The metaverse can provide a shared learning environment for students in class and those at home.
Mobile devices, tablets, and laptops
Internet-enabled devices such as laptops and tablets are a great way for students to work in the classroom. They can be used to support independent research and fact-checking or create more engaging classroom activities like quizzes. Tablets can also encourage student feedback to help teachers provide the support they need.
Devices are at the very core of technology in education. To provide a level playing field for all students, schools must, where possible, provide reliable devices that have all the functionality required for the lessons being delivered.
Learning management systems
An LMS is a digital platform that stores educational materials. They became particularly important for teachers during the pandemic, allowing them to distribute materials to students remotely. However, they also provide a place where educators can manage the curriculum and course content more effectively.
Projectors & TV screens
While projectors have been around for some time, they’re continually advancing in terms of quality and functionality. As well as displaying multimedia content to engage classes, they can be used to facilitate collaboration and group projects. Similarly, TV screens facilitate multimedia content within the classroom, including video, music, and text.
Microphones & speakers
Audio equipment is vital for larger teaching environments, such as sports halls and assembly theatres. It maintains student engagement and is particularly helpful for students with hearing impairments or those with English as a second language. Needless to say, microphones and speakers are also essential for any music department!
3D printers
Primarily, 3D printing can be used to create models that allow a more hands-on approach to learning. That could be organs in biology as part of a STEM lab, maps in geography, or even 3D shapes for mathematics.
3D design tools
From art and architecture to design and engineering, 3D design has a vast array of applications in the modern world. As such, it’s a great thing for people to become familiar with from a young age, given that it’s relevant to so many career paths.
HD and 360-degree cameras
Cameras are a great tool for creative subjects in schools, but they can also be used as a way to improve teaching and learning. By recording lessons, schools can obtain valuable resources for staff training, not to mention providing a better experience for remote learners.
AI & robotics
Artificial intelligence has a variety of educational applications. It can save teachers time with marking, for example, especially in objective subjects like Maths. On the other hand, AI-based applications are becoming increasingly effective for language subjects.
Esports
Yes – really. Esports is a growing industry that offers real opportunities to students as they progress through education. Firstly, there are several parallels between education and esports, such as teamwork, communication, and problem-solving. By acknowledging these and understanding why children play games, schools can help students develop key skills that will benefit other areas of their education.
Remote learning
Technology was a lifeline for education during the COVID-19 lockdowns, when it facilitated remote learning for students of all ages. Going forward, it can still play an important role. That could be for those who can’t make it to the classroom for whatever reason, or just all pupils benefitting from more engaging homework assignments through purpose-built apps.
Blended learning
Blended learning is a practice that combines technologies like those above with a face-to-face environment where teachers and students are physically present. Conventional classroom methods are also integrated, creating a ‘best of both worlds’ approach.
Inclusiveness ConsiderationsDigital Divide:
The digital divide refers to disparities of digital media and internet access both within and across countries, as well as the gap between people with and without the digital literacy and skills to utilize media and the internet. (23)(26)(31) The digital divide both creates and reinforces socio-economic inequalities of the world’s poorest people. Policies need to intentionally bridge this divide to bring media, internet, and digital literacy to all students, not just those who are easiest to reach.
Minority language groups: Students whose mother tongue is different from the official language of instruction are less likely to have computers and internet connections at home than students from the majority. There is also less material available to them online in their own language, putting them at a disadvantage in comparison to their majority peers who gather information, prepare talks and papers, and communicate more using ICT. (39) Yet ICT tools can also help improve the skills of minority language students, especially in learning the official language of instruction, through features such as automatic speech recognition, the availability of authentic audio-visual materials, and chat functions.(2)(17)
Students with different styles of learning: ICT can provide diverse options for taking in and processing information, making sense of ideas, and expressing learning. Over 87% of students learn best through visual and tactile modalities, and ICT can help these students experience the information instead of just reading and hearing it. (20)(37) Mobile devices can also offer programmes (“apps”) that provide extra support to students with special needs, with features such as simplified screens and instructions, consistent placement of menus and control features, graphics combined with text, audio feedback, ability to set pace and level of difficulty, appropriate and unambiguous feedback, and easy error correction.(24)(29)
